Women in the Early Modern Period (from 15th Century to 18th Century)

Sofonisba Anguissola (c. 1535-1625).
      Biography 1 and biography 2.
      Video.
   
Isabella Clara Eugenia of Austria (1566-1633).
      Biography 1, biography 2 and biography 3.
      Video.

Mariana of Austria (1634-1696).
      Biography 1.

Isabel Barreto (1567-1612).
      Biography 1.

Margaret Cavendish (1623-1673).
      Biography 1, biography 2 and biography 3.
      Video 1 and video 2.

Catalina de Erauso 'the Nun Ensign' (1592-1650).
      Biography 1 and biography 2.

Lavinia Fontana (1552-1614).
      Biography 1, biography 2 and biography 3.
      Video.
 
Beatriz Galindo 'the Latin' (c. 1475-1535):
      Biography 1.
      Video.

Arthemisia Gentilleschi (1593-1653).
      Biography 1, biography 2 and biography 3.
      Video.

Marina "la Malinche".
      Biography 1, biography 2 and biography 3.
      Documentary.

María Pacheco (c. 1496-1531).
      Biography 1.

Isabella of Portugal (1503-1539).
      Biography 1, biography 2 and biography 3.
      Video.

Luisa Roldán "la Roldana"  (1652-1706).
      Biography 1 and biography 2.

Inés de Suárez (1507-1580).
      Biography 1, biography 2 and biography 3.

Maria Winkelmann / Maria Kirch (1670-1720).
      Biography 1, Biography 2 and biography 3.

Aztecs, Mayans and Incas.

Three Great Civilizations.
Ancient America: The Aztecs, the Mayans and the Incas.

Aztecs.
      Aztec Empire timeline.
      Government.
      Daily life.
      Society.
      Writing and technology.
      Gods and Mythology.
      Art.

Mayans.
     Timeline of the Maya History.
     Government.
     Daily life.
     Writing, numbers and calendar.
     Gods and Mythology.
     Art.

Incas.
      Inca Empire timeline.
      Government.
      Daily life.
      Society.
      Science and technology.
      Mythology and religion.


More information about Aztecs, Mayans and Incas.

First Voyage Around the World

First Voyage Around the World: video 1 and video 2.
Ferdinand Magellan, First Circumnavigation of the Earth: video.
      Magellan's expedition. A voyage around the world: video.

Route of Magellan. First around the World.

Biographies:
      Ferdinand Magellan: biography 1, biography 2 and biography 3.
      Juan Sebastián Elcano: biography 1, biography 2 and biography 3.

5th Centenary of the First Voyage around the World by Magellan and Elcano.

The Discovery of America

How America was discovered.
Discovery of America.


Christopher Columbus discovers America, 1492.
The voyages of Christopher Columbus.
       The first voyage.
More information about Christopher Columbus and his voyages.
Christopher Columbus' voyages: route and legacy.

Christopher Columbus: video 1 and video 2.
      Biography 1, biography 2 and biography 3.

Christopher Columbus discovering America story: cartoon.

Baroque Art

Baroque Art vocubulary definition: video.
Baroque Art: video.
Another piece of information about Baroque.
More information related to Baroque Art.

Baroque architecture.
More information related to Baroque architecture.

Western sculpture: Baroque Period.
Baroque sculpture.
      Gian Lorenzo Bernini (1598-1680): biography 1, biography 2 and biography 3.
            Berninni and and the birth of Baroque portrait sculpture.

Baroque painting.
    Annibale Carracci: The inventor of the Baroque painting?
       Caravaggio (1571-1610): biography 1, biography 2 and biography 3.
       Rembrandt (1606-1669): biography 1, biography 2 and biography 3.
       Peter Paul Rubens (1577-1640): biography 1, biography 2 and biography 3.

Europe in the 17th Century

17th Century: video.
Another piece of information about the 17th Century (Victoria and Albert Museum).

Seventeenth Century Europe.

The crisis of the seventeenth century.

The decline of the Spanish Empire

The decline of Spanish Empire.
Another piece of information about the decline of Spain.

Minor Austrias.

Philip III (1598-1621): biography 1, biography 2 and biography 3.
Philip IV (1621-1665): biography 1, biography 2 and biography 3.
Charles II (1665-1700): biography 1, biography 2 and biography 3.

The Habsburgs

The rise of the Habsburgs: video.
Habsburg Spain.
Spanish Empire. More information related to the Spanish Empire.
      Spain under the Habsburgs, Charles I.
      Another piece of information about Spain under the Habsburgs.
Habsburg Spain.

Charles V (1516-1556): biography 1, biography 2 and biography 3.
      More information about Charles V.

Philip II (1556-1598): biography 1, biography 2 and biography 3.
      More information about Philip II.


A Walking Tour of "Madrid de los Austrias".

House of Habsburg.

Exploration of the new world

Aztec, Maya and Inca.
      Aztecs. Aztec Empire.
      Incas. Inca Empire.
      Mayas. Maya civilisation. Another piece of information about the Maya.

Spain in the New World to 1600.
The Spanish conquistadores and colonial empire.
The Spanish Conquistadors.
      Francisco Coronado.
      Francisco Pizarro: biography 1.
      Hernán Cortés: biography 1.
      Hernando de Soto.
      Juan Ponce de León.
      Vasco Nuñez de Balboa.
   

Age of Exploration and Discovery

Age of Exploration and Discovery.
Age of Discovery.
Another piece of information about the Age of Discovery.
More information about Ages of exploration.

Explorers:
      Prince Henry, 'the Navigator', of Portugal: biography 1, biography 2 and biography 3.
      Bartholomew Dias: biography 1, biography 2 and biography 3.
      Vasco da Gama: biography 1, biography 2 and biography 3.

1492

1492.

      Isabella of Castile.

      The Conquest of Granada.  Another piece of information about the Conquest of Granada.
            More information about the Conquest of Granada.
            The last Muslin king in Spain.
            Fall of Granada. Another piece of information about the Fall of Granada.

      Jews to be expelled from Spain.
      The Spanish expulsion, 1492.

      Expulsion of the Moriscos.

Catholic Monarchs

Catholic Monarchs. Another piece of information about the Catholic Monarchs.
More information related to the Catholic Monarchs.
Catholic Monarchs, the kingdom of Castile.
The Golden Age: Ferdinand and Isabella.
      1469, Fedinand and Isabella marriage.
      The politics of the Catholic Monarchs.

Isabella of Castile: Europe's greatest queen?
Queen Isabell I of Castile: documentary.
      Death of Isabella I of Castile.

Ferdinand II, king of Aragon.
      The Last Will and Testament of Ferdinand II of Aragon.
      Spain intelligence agency cracks 500-years-old letters between Ferdinand II and commander.


Biographies:
      Isabella I of Castile (1474-1504): biography 1, biography 2 and biography 3.
      Ferdinand II of Aragon (1479-1516): biography 1, biography 2, biography 3 and biography 4.



Granada, Spain: Reconquista Legacies by Rick Steves: video.

The Counter-Reformation

The Roman Catholic Church in 1500.

The Counter-Reformation.
Another piece of information about the Counter-Reformation.
More information related to the Counter-Reformation.

      The Council of Trent (1545-1563): definition.
      Another piece of information about the Council of Trent.
      More information related to the Council of Trent.

      The Jesuist: definition.
      Another piece of information about the Jesuist.
      Society of Jesus.
            Ignatius Loyola.

      Inquisition. A brief piece of information about Inquisition.
      Another piece of information related to inquisition.

How successful was the Counter-Reformation?


French Wars of Religion.
A brief piece of information about French Wars of Religion.
More information related to Wars of Religion.

The Reformation

The Reformation and the man who started it all: video.

Reformation.
Educational website related to the Reformation.

An introduction to the Protestant Reformation.
Protestant Reformation: video.
More information about the Protestant Reformation.
      Martin Luther.

Calvinism. Another piece of information about Calvinism.
      John Calvin.

Swiss Reformation.
      Ulrich Zwingli. Another piece of information about Huldrych Zwingli.


English Reformation.
Another piece of information related to the English Reformation.
More information about the English Reformation.
Educational website about The Reformation.

The Early Modern Period.

Introduction to the Early Modern Period.
Another piece of information about the Early Modern Period.

The Emergence of Modern Europe, 1500-1648.
Early Modern Europe.
More information realted to the Early Modern Europe.

Authoritarian monarchies.
      Castile:
            The Catholic Monarchs. Another piece of information about the Catholic Monarchs.
               More information related to the Catholic Monarchs.
      France:
            Francis I (1515-1547): biography 1, biography 2 and biography 3.
            Henry II (1547-1559): biography 1, biography 2 and biography 3.
      England:
            Henry VIII (1506-1547): biography 1, biography 2 and biography 3.
            Elizabeth I (1558-1603): biography 1, biography 2 and biography 3.

Humanism

What is humanism?
      Definition.
Humanism. Another piece of information about humanism.
More information related to humanism
      Secular humanism.
      Religious humanism.

Flasch cards.

Renaissance civilisation.

Renaissance humanist:
      Dante Alighieri (1265-1321): biography 1, biography 2 and biography 3.
      Francesco Petrarch (1304-1374): biography 1, biography 2 and biography 3.
      Giovanni Boccaccio (1313-1375): biography 1, biography 2 and biography 3.
      Culuccio Salutati (1331-1406): biography 1, biography 2 and biography 3.
      Marsilio Ficcino (1433-1499): biography 1, biography 2 and biography 3.
      Antonio de Nebrija (1441-1522): biography 1 and biography 2.
      Erasmus of Rotterdam (c. 1466-1536): biography 1, biography 2 and biography 3.
      Thomas More (1478-): biography 1, biography 2 and biography 3.